The effects of diclofenac on early life stages of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Diclofenac residues have been found in surface water, and thus could present a potential risk to aquatic species. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of diclofenac on the mortality, growth, and development of fish, as well as the impact of the drug on histological changes and selected parameters of oxidative stress in the fish. Subchronic toxic effects of diclofenac at concentrations of 0.015, 0.03, 1, and 3 mg/L on embryos and larvae of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were investigated during a 30-day toxicity test under experimental conditions. Exposure to diclofenac at 3 mg/L was associated with increased mortality, increased activity of glutathione S-transferase, and decreased activity of glutathione reductase. Decreases in the levels of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances were associated with concentrations ≥0.03 mg/L. Based on these results a no observed effect concentration (NOEC) = 0.015 mg/L and lowest observed effect concentration (LOEC) = 0.03 mg/L were generated.

► Impact of diclofenac on common carp under experimental conditions. ► Subchronic toxic effects on embryos and larvae of carp during a 30-day test. ► Effects on mortality and activity of parameters of oxidative stress were found. ► The NOEC of diclofenac was found to be 0.015 mg/L and LOEC was 0.03 mg/L. ► Environmental concentrations do not impair the health condition of carp.