Neuropsychiatric symptoms and past manganese exposure in a ferro-alloy plant

IntroductionPsychiatric manifestations have been reported in cases of manganism, and mood disorders are often observed in manganese (Mn) exposed workers. We examined neuropsychiatric symptoms among formerly Mn-exposed workers 14 years after cessation of exposure.Materials and methodsA study was conducted in 1990 among workers from a ferro- and silico-Mn plant and unexposed working men referents from the same region in South-West Quebec. At follow-up in 2004, 77 former Mn-workers and 81 referents agreed to participate and responded to a neuropsychiatric symptom checklist, the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI); scores were transformed into T-scores based on a normative population. Cumulated exposure indices (CEI) were computed for each former Mn-worker. Linear and logistic regression analyses were used.ResultsMean T-scores were significantly higher among former Mn-workers than referents on scales of Depression and Anxiety. Mean T-scores of psychological distress increased with the CEI tertiles, with significant associations for the scales Somatization, Depression, Anxiety and Hostility. Former Mn-workers in the two highest tertiles of CEI showed a higher risk for T-scores ≥63 for Hostility (OR, 7.5; 95% CI, 1.5–38.9), Depression (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.1–8.4) and Anxiety (OR, 3.0; 95% CI, 1.1–8.4).ConclusionThese results suggest that past exposure to Mn may have lasting consequences on neuropsychiatric symptoms.