Inhibition of hyaluronidase activity of human and rat spermatozoa in vitro and antispermatogenic activity in rats in vivo by Terminalia chebula, a flavonoid rich plant

Our interest in development of hyaluronidase inhibitors as male antifertility agents led to identification of Terminalia chebula (T. chebula) plant with hyaluronidase (HAase) inhibitory activity of human spermatozoa (∼93% inhibition) and rat caudal epididymal spermatozoa (∼86% inhibition) in vitro at 30 mg/ml. We further demonstrated inhibition of hyaluronidase activity of testis and epididymal spermatozoa in vivo coincident with antispermatogenic activity and contraceptive efficacy of TC extract administered at 50 and 100 mg/kg/day orally for 60 days in male albino rats. The significant decrease in motility, count and increase in morphological abnormalities of epididymal spermatozoa and severe reduction in fertility (−100%) of male rats treated with T. chebula fruit extract at 100 mg/kg dose could be attributed to either direct effect on testis or direct or indirect interference with sperm maturation in epididymis, and/or inhibition of testicular and epididymal sperm hyaluronidase enzyme in vivo probably caused by flavonoids like tannins present in T. chebula.