Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
2602564 | Toxicology in Vitro | 2010 | 6 Pages |
Abstract
Gingival epithelial-like cells (GE-1) were cultured and used to examine the cellular responses of gingival tissues to varying concentrations of titanium (Ti) ions. Titanium ions at concentrations of more than 13Â ppm significantly decreased the viability of GE-1 cells and increased LDH release from the cells into the supernatant, but had no significant effect on their caspase 3 activity. These data suggest that a high concentration of Ti ions induced necrosis of the GE-1 cells. Titanium ions at a concentration of 5Â ppm significantly increased the level of CCL2 mRNA expression in GE-1 cells exposed to lipopolysaccharide derived from Porphyromonas gingivalis in a synergistic manner. Moreover, the mRNA expression levels of TLR-4 and ICAM-1 in GE-1 cells loaded with Ti ions at 9Â ppm were significantly enhanced as compared with those in GE-1 cells without Ti stimulation. We suggest that Ti ions are in part responsible for monocyte infiltration in the oral cavity by elevating the sensitivity of gingival epithelial cells to microorganisms. Taken together, these data indicate that Ti ions may be involved in cytotoxicity and inflammation at the interfaces of dental implants and gingival tissue.
Keywords
inductively coupled plasma spectroscopyPBSLPSCCL2TLR-2OPGTLR-4ICPTLRRANKLICAM-1EGFRT-PCROsteoprotegerinTitaniumToll-like receptorCell viabilityGingival epithelial cellsepidermal growth factorlactate dehydrogenaseLDHlipopolysaccharidePhosphate-buffered salineIntercellular adhesion molecule 1reverse transcription polymerase chain reactionPorphyromonas gingivalischemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2receptor activator of NF-κB ligandTitanium ion
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Authors
Seicho Makihira, Yuichi Mine, Hiroki Nikawa, Takahiro Shuto, Satoshi Iwata, Ryuji Hosokawa, Kohei Kamoi, Shota Okazaki, Yu Yamaguchi,