Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
2602755 | Toxicology in Vitro | 2010 | 6 Pages |
Para-phenylenediamine (p-PD), a suspected carcinogen, is a component of permanent hair dyes. In this study we examined the mechanism of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in Mardin–Darby canine kidney cells (MDCK)-treated with p-PD. Our results showed that p-PD decreased cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In addition, p-PD induced DNA damage was confirmed by the comet and TUNEL assays. Pre-treatment of MDCK cells with antioxidants vitamin C or E significantly inhibited p-PD induced cytotoxicity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Furthermore, p-PD induced apoptosis through activated initiator caspase-8 and -9, and effector caspase-3/7. Based on these results, we suggested that p-PD induce apoptosis which was mediated with caspase-8, caspase-9 and caspase-3/7 activation via the involvement of ROS.