Pilates-based exercise for persistent, non-specific low back pain and associated functional disability: A meta-analysis with meta-regression

SummaryObjectiveThe purposes of this study were to systematically review and apply regression analysis to randomised controlled trials [RCTs] that evaluated the effectiveness of Pilates exercise in improving persistent, non-specific low back pain and functional disability.MethodsElectronic databases were searched from January 1950 to March 2011. Articles were eligible for inclusion if they were RCTs comparing Pilates exercise with a placebo treatment [PT], minimal intervention [MI] or another physiotherapeutic treatment [APT].ResultsNine trials were included. Pilates was moderately superior to APT (pooled Effect Size [ES] weighted = −0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.08 to −1.03) in reducing disability but not for pain relief. Pilates provided moderate to superior pain relief compared to MI (pooled ES weighted = −0.44, 95% CI = −0.09 to −0.80) and a similar decrease in disability. The statistical model used did not detect any predictor variable.ConclusionsDue to the presence of co-interventions and the low methodological quality of some studies, these conclusions should be interpreted with caution.