Critical illness polyneuropathy and myopathy: a review of evidence and the implications for weaning from mechanical ventilation and rehabilitation

Critical illness polyneuropathy is the most commonly occurring neuromuscular dysfunction on the intensive care unit, and is often described in conjunction with critical illness myopathy. Both conditions are significant causes of weakness, increased length of stay, delayed weaning and prolonged rehabilitation. Sepsis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome are the most reliable independent risk factors. The current evidence regarding critical illness polyneuropathy and critical illness myopathy is reviewed; in particular, the implications for weaning and rehabilitation.