Impacts of airflows, internal heat and moisture gains on accuracy of modeling energy consumption and indoor parameters in passive building

Passive buildings compared to the standard ones require significantly less energy for heating, so the correct models of every “energy using” building's components are very important. This paper analyzes how various models of the internal heat and moisture gains, as well as natural air flows between building zones, influence the accuracy of the calculation of the energy performance, indoor temperatures and absolute humidity in a single-family passive building. A simulation environment used a detailed twelve-zone TRNSYS model of a house with HVAC system. The model included natural air flows between zones, and internal heat and moisture gains, defined as precisely as possible. The gains were allocated on the basis of special protocols of use filled by the occupants during the two-week measurement. The measurement data was also used for validation of the model. The verified model constituted a basis for calculation of energy performance and simulation of air temperature and absolute humidity change in a building with significantly limited air flow between zones, and heat and moisture gains defined according to standards. The standardized values of heat and moisture gains were defined on the basis of the standard ISO 13790 and national regulations in Poland. The simulations have shown that precise methodology of calculation of heat gains and air flows between building zones is very important for proper computation of energy performance and simulation of indoor temperatures and absolute humidity in passive buildings. Results of carried out analysis have shown e.g. that the difference in energy need for heating calculated using precise and simplified methods of internal heat gains determination was 30,1%.