Polyphénols et voies de signalisation, données récentes

Polyphenols are generally antioxidant compounds with anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects. However, in vivo data suggest other effects. Several polyphenols can bind to the BDNF receptor: TrK-β. They activate signalling pathways correlated to physiological and behavioural effects in mice. Two enterolignans bind to the nuclear receptors of estrogens (ERs). Their interactions with the ERα are special. They essentially activate the AF-2 transcription function of ERα, which is required for cell differentiation and prevent cell proliferation. Two citrus flavanones induce multiple gene expression involved in athero-protective effects. Genomic analyses allow targeting mechanisms to be tested in vitro. When using plasma metabolites at nutritional doses a good agreement can be observed with in vivo data. Polyphenols also exhibit epigenetic effects. They have to be explored using realistic concentrations because inverse effects can be observed between pharmacological and nutritional doses.