Adequacy of Vitamin D Replacement in Severe Deficiency Is Dependent on Body Mass Index

BackgroundObesity is associated with hypovitaminosis D. Whether body mass index (BMI) determines the replacement dose of vitamin D to achieve sufficiency is unclear.ObjectiveTo determine the relationship between BMI and serum 25-OH vitamin D concentrations and whether the increase in serum 25-OH vitamin D concentrations with vitamin D replacement is dependent on BMI.MethodsRetrospective review of anthropometric data and serum 25-OH vitamin D concentrations in 95 patients attending an outpatient clinic in a tertiary hospital. In a second component of the study, 17 hospital inpatients with severe vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-OH D concentrations < 6 ng/mL [15 nmol/L]) were supplemented with 10,000 units vitamin D3/day orally for 1 week. Biochemistry and anthropometric measurements were compared before and after vitamin D replacement.ResultsSerum 25-OH vitamin D concentrations correlated negatively with BMI in the 95 outpatients (r2 = 0.11, P <.01). In the longitudinal study, BMI correlated positively with serum intact parathyroid hormone (r2 = 0.84, P <.01) and negatively with 1.25-(OH)2 vitamin D (r2 = 0.19, P = .06) at baseline. Serum 25-OH D concentrations achieved following 1 week of vitamin D3 replacement correlated negatively with BMI (r2 = 0.63, P <.01).ConclusionEfficacy of vitamin D supplementation is dependent on BMI. Overweight and obese patients with hypovitaminosis D might require higher doses of vitamin D to achieve vitamin D repletion compared with individuals with normal body weight.