Auditory evoked potentials

This chapter will focus on the two auditory evoked potentials (AEP) most commonly used to assess the effects of general anesthetics on the brain, the auditory middle latency response (AMLR) and the 40 Hz auditory steady-state response (40 Hz-ASSR). We will review their physiological basis, the recording methodology, the effects of general anesthetics, their ability to track changes in level of consciousness and their clinical applications. Because of space constraints, this review will be limited to human studies.