A combined 2D and 3D numerical modeling approach to provide adequate roof support in complex 3D excavations

Traditional methods for assessing effective roof support can be difficult to apply to complex three-dimensional excavations. Through worked examples, the approach of combined two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical modeling has been shown to be successful in understanding mechanisms of rock failure for unique excavation geometries and geotechnical properties and, in turn, provides adequate roof support recommendations for complex three-dimensional excavations in Australian coal mines. An interactive approach of monitoring and model review during the excavation process is an important part of model support recommendations to ensure rock failure and deformation in the model are representative of actual conditions, to provide effective and practical controls.