Phytochemicals That Stimulate Osteoblastic Differentiation and Bone Formation

Some bone diseases, such as osteoporosis and periodontitis, result from an imbalance in bone remodeling characterized by excessive bone resorption relative to bone formation. Two different pharmacological approaches can be used to treat such diseases: anti-resorptioe agents that inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption, and anabolic agents that stimulate osteoblastic bone formation. Anti-resorptioe agents, such as bisphosphonates and calcitonin, are currently available for the treatment of osteoporosis ; however, these anti-resorptioe agents are unlikely to have an anabolic effect, and the need for anabolic agents aimed at increasing bone mass has recently been a matter for concern. Natural compounds could provide the basis for developing anabolic agents. A wide variety of natural compounds has recently been found to stimulate osteoblastic bone formation. This review describes the effects of natural compounds on osteoblast proliferation, differentiation, and bone formation in vitro and in vivo.