Ablation of Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 Resembles the Human CACT Metabolic Myopathy

SummaryOxidation of lipid substrates is essential for survival in fasting and other catabolic conditions, sparing glucose for the brain and other glucose-dependent tissues. Here we show Steroid Receptor Coactivator-3 (SRC-3) plays a central role in long chain fatty acid metabolism by directly regulating carnitine/acyl-carnitine translocase (CACT) gene expression. Genetic deficiency of CACT in humans is accompanied by a constellation of metabolic and toxicity phenotypes including hypoketonemia, hypoglycemia, hyperammonemia, and impaired neurologic, cardiac and skeletal muscle performance, each of which is apparent in mice lacking SRC-3 expression. Consistent with human cases of CACT deficiency, dietary rescue with short chain fatty acids drastically attenuates the clinical hallmarks of the disease in mice devoid of SRC-3. Collectively, our results position SRC-3 as a key regulator of β-oxidation. Moreover, these findings allow us to consider platform coactivators such as the SRCs as potential contributors to syndromes such as CACT deficiency, previously considered as monogenic.

► Metabolomics profiling unveils unique metabolic functions of SRCs ► SRC-3 controls long-chain fatty acid metabolism through direct regulation of CACT ► Ablation of SRC-3 resembles the clinical hallmarks of CACT deficiency in humans ► Dietary intervention rescues the functional loss of SRC-3 in skeletal muscle