Treatment with Interferon alpha prior to discontinuation of Imatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia

Imatinib (IM) is the current first line treatment for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). However, the disease will progress in the majority of patients pausing IM. IFN-α may intensify the response and increase the percentage of patients maintaining remission after IM cessation. Eleven patients with stable (⩾2 years) complete cytogenetic responses (CCyR) on IM therapy were recruited to the study. They were administered Peg-IFN-α for 9 months before and for 3 months following IM discontinuation. During the 12 months of Peg-IFN-α therapy the remission status improved in five (45%) of the patients. Six (55%) of the patients experienced cytogenetic relapses at a median period of 8 months (range 2–33) after IM withdrawal. All six patients regained CCyR following IM restart. With a median follow up of 47 months (range 35–50), five (45%) out of the 11 studied patients maintain cytogenetic response off IM therapy. The role of Peg-IFN-α in patients pausing IM is to be further evaluated. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00297570.

► IFN-α may intensify the response of CML pts after Imatinib (IM) cessation. ► We administered Peg-IFN-α for 9 months before and for 3 months following IM discontinuation to 11 CML pts. ► With a median follow up of 47 months (range 35–50), 5 (45%) out of the 11 pts maintain cytogenetic response off IM therapy.