XBP1: A Pivotal Transcriptional Regulator of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism

X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1) is a major, well-conserved component of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that is crucial for glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. Metabolic dysfunction has been associated with XBP1 transcriptional activity. Recently, compounds selectively targeting the IRE1α–XBP1 pathway have emerged as a potential approach for treatment of metabolic diseases.