Epigenetic modifications and long noncoding RNAs influence pancreas development and function

•Epigenetic modifications are required for the appropriate specification of β cells.•A global epigenome snapshot of the islet has been generated.•Islet-specific lncRNAs have been identified.•A table compiles available ChIP-seq and RNA-seq datasets for the pancreas.

Insulin-producing β cells within the pancreatic islet of Langerhans are responsible for maintaining glucose homeostasis; the loss or malfunction of β cells results in diabetes mellitus. Recent advances in cell purification strategies and sequencing technologies as well as novel molecular tools have revealed that epigenetic modifications and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent an integral part of the transcriptional mechanisms regulating pancreas development and β cell function. Importantly, these findings have uncovered a new layer of gene regulation in the pancreas that can be exploited to enhance the restoration and/or repair of β cells to treat diabetes.