Learning from PD-1 Resistance: New Combination Strategies

Only a minority of cancer patients respond to anti PD-1 immunotherapy. A recent study demonstrates that PD-1 therapy-resistant melanoma patients present distinct signatures of upregulated genes involved in immunosuppression, angiogenesis, monocyte and macrophage chemotaxis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Combination targeting of these pathways with PD-1 may help overcome PD-1 resistance, thus producing effective antitumor immunity.