The semi-rigid behaviour of three-dimensional steel beam-to-column joints subjected to proportional loading. Part I. Experimental evaluation

An experimental investigation of statically loaded extended end-plate connections in both major and minor column axes was undertaken at the University of Navarra, Spain. The aim was to provide insight into the behaviour of these joints when a proportional load is applied to both axes (three-dimensional loading). The rotational stiffness of the joints increases with this type of three-dimensional loading. The findings also show that an increase in the end-plate thickness results in an increase in the connection’s flexural strength and stiffness, and a decrease in its rotation capacity.