A Single-Center Experience of Extubation Failure in Infants Undergoing the Norwood Operation

Extubation failure in children after the Norwood operation is a slow and evolving process occurring as late as 96 hours after extubation and is not associated with an increase in in-hospital mortality. Causes of failed extubation are diverse. Successful weaning from positive pressure ventilation depends on adequate cardiovascular function, the presence of satisfactory ventilatory reserves, and favorable pulmonary mechanics.