Initial Experience of Sequential Surgical Epicardial-Catheter Endocardial Ablation for Persistent and Long-Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation With Long-Term Follow-Up

For patients with atrial fibrillation who have failed catheter ablation, Sequential minimally invasive epicardial surgical ablation, followed by endocardial catheter-based ablation, has a higher early success rate than repeat catheter ablation alone.