Lower Leg Compartment Syndrome in Neurofibromatosis 1 Patient with Plexiform Neurofibrom: A Case Report of Aneurysm Rupture

A 37-year-old woman with neurofibromatosis type 1 was referred for a rapidly growing plexiform neurofibroma of the left lower leg, acute serious pain, and leg palsy because of concern for malignant transformation of the tumor. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography confirmed a rupture of anterior tibial artery aneurysm, resulting in both anterior and posterior compartment syndrome in her left leg. Arterial involvement in neurofibromatosis is a well known; however, rupture of peripheral arteries is exceptional. Moreover, coexistence with plexiform neurofibroma occasionally delays the diagnosis with suspicion of malignant transformation without awareness of a vascular rupture.