Mechanical ventricular assistance in heart failure: pathology of the cardiac apex removed during device implantation

BackgroundVentricular assistance device (VAD) implantation provides large ventricular core biopsies available for pathological assessment. We present here the pathological data from 60 apex removed during a 7-year-period in a single institution.ResultsThe most frequent specific lesions were ischemic myocardial damage. Nonspecific pathological features were quite as frequently observed and correspond either to dilated cardiomyopathies, chronic ischemic cardiopathies, or miscellaneous conditions. Myocarditis represented 10 out of the 60 cases. The pathological data changed the clinical diagnosis in four cases: 1 case of juvenile hemochromatosis featuring as myocarditis and three cases of myocarditis featuring as dilated cardiomyopathies.ConclusionApex pathological analysis provides definite diagnosis and contributes to determine the cases which the cardiac disease have a possibility to recover under VAD.