Aging, COPD, and Other Risk Factors Do Not Explain the Increased Prevalence of Pulmonary Mycobacterium avium Complex in Ontario

Although population aging appears to be a major risk factor, the increase in pMAC disease in Ontario could be only partly explained by aging, increases in COPD, HIV, solid organ transplantation, and TNF-α inhibition therapy. The increase in pMAC is likely multifactorial and may be affected by environmental or pathogen factors not addressed in this study.