Examining tree canopy models for CFD prediction of wind environment at pedestrian level

The accuracy of the canopy models for reproducing the aerodynamic effects of trees based on k–ε model was examined for the CFD prediction of wind environment at pedestrian level. After reviewing the previous researches on modeling canopy flows, two types of canopy models were selected. In addition, the model coefficients adopted in the extra term added to the transport equation of turbulence energy k and energy dissipation rate ε, were optimized by comparing numerical results with field measurements.