Low prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus among patients with high levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

BackgroundDiabetes mellitus and low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are among several known risk factors for coronary artery disease. Recent research has shown potential mechanistic links between these two diseases.ObjectivesThe aim of our study was to characterize, by examining particular coronary artery disease risk factors, patients with extremely high and low levels of HDL-C who were referred to a prevention clinic.MethodsWe compared the phenotypes of 113 patients with HDL-C levels greater than the 90th percentile with 212 patients with levels less than the 10th percentile by using a retrospective chart review.ResultsThe cohort with high HDL-C had a remarkable difference in the incidence of type 2 diabetes (1.8% vs 21.7%). The high HDL-C cohort also had a greater age (52.1 years vs 46.7 years), more light or moderate alcohol consumption (70.8% vs 49.4%), more healthy diet (30.1% vs 22.4%), more light or moderate exercise (90.8% vs 52.2%), and a lower body mass index (25.2 kg/m2 vs 28.1 kg/m2).ConclusionsCompared with the low HDL-C group—and also the general population—the high HDL-C cohort had a remarkably low prevalence of diabetes mellitus.