Elevated pulmonary arterial and systemic plasma aldosterone levels associate with impaired cardiac reserve capacity during exercise in left ventricular systolic heart failure patients: A pilot study

These data provide preliminary evidence in support of increased transpulmonary aldosterone levels in HFrEF and suggest an inverse relationship between circulating aldosterone and pVO2. Future prospective studies are needed to characterize the functional effects of transpulmonary and circulating aldosterone on cardiac reserve capacity in HFrEF.