Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome is associated with increased peripheral blood natural killer and natural killer T-like granzymes, perforin, and T-helper-type 1 pro-inflammatory cytokines

BOS is associated with increased peripheral blood NK and NKT-like cells expressing granzymes, perforin, and Th1 pro-inflammatory cytokines. These cells may migrate to the lungs and have an impact in airway damage in BOS. Therapeutic targeting of these pro-inflammatory mediators and monitoring response longitudinally using this assay may reduce BOS.