Segmental Mediolytic Arteriopathy With Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder of the Lung: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Segmental mediolytic arteriopathy (SMA) is an extremely rare condition of uncertain etiology causing degeneration of arterial media, intramural dissection or the rupture of aneurysms. It is recognized as a rare cause of fatal intra-abdominal bleeding. We report the first case of recurrent intra-abdominal bleeding secondary to SMA in a lung transplant patient, with a further complication of lymphoproliferative disease in the transplanted lung. We discuss the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, imaging characteristics and the complexities of management in this case.