Cardiac Transplant Outcomes in Pediatric Patients with Pre-formed Anti-Human Leukocyte Antigen Antibodies and/or Positive Retrospective Crossmatch

Pediatric heart transplant patients whose retrospective XM is positive are at significantly increased risk for graft failure. Elevated pre-transplant PRA may not predict increased risk of graft failure, although markedly positive PRA (>10%) predicts a positive retrospective XM. Improved treatment for pediatric transplant patients with a positive retrospective XM is needed.