Présentation atypique de la maladie de Wegener de l'enfant

The pediatric forms of Wegener granulomatosis (WG) are rare. The clinical picture and the profile have specificities compared to those of adults. We report a case of a girl aged of four years and a half who presented initially with a clinical picture of Henoch Schönlein purpura. Physical examination revealed additionally to purpura, scabby lesions on the buttocks. The histopathological examination of a skin biopsy disclosed histiocyte infiltration. There were no Ig A deposits on direct immunofluorescence study. One year later, the diagnosis of WG was suspected, when the patient developed a respiratory problem related to left pulmonary infarction. Screening for thromboembolic factors was positive for antiphosphilipid antibodies. Diagnosis of WG was confirmed by the histopathological study lung tissue and a significant titre of serum ANCA. Blood tests failed to provide evidence of renal involvement. Cyclophosphamide and prednisolone therapy was administrated. A relapse occurred one year later on the controlateral lung; but no biological marker of disease activity could be detected.