Results of surgery for Ebstein anomaly: A multicenter study from the European Congenital Heart Surgeons Association

Most patients coming to surgery presented in childhood and were significantly symptomatic. More than half underwent valve replacement or repair, but a considerable proportion had severe disease necessitating 1½ ventricle repair or palliative procedures. Operative mortality did not differ significantly among repair, replacement, and 1½ ventricle repair but was associated with palliative procedures for severe disease early in life, young age being the only independent predictor of operative death.