Perivascular innate immune events modulate early murine vein graft adaptations

Vein graft failure is traditionally considered as a process driven by luminal hemodynamic forces and endothelial injury. We report that the “outside-in” mechanism of local perivascular and distant inflammatory challenges potentiate the magnitude and duration of inflammatory responses in the early vein graft wall, negatively modulating wall adaptations, and thus potentially contribute to vein graft failure. Modulation of these inflammatory signaling networks (eg, extension of antibiotic administration beyond standard wound prophylaxis regimens) stands as a potential strategy to enhance the durability of vascular interventions such as vein grafts.