Report of two in situ reconstructions with a saphenous spiral vein graft of Coxiella burnetii-infected aneurysms of the abdominal aorta

Coxiella burnetii is a rare cause of vascular infections. Yet, Q fever is endemic in the southern part of The Netherlands. This report describes two patients – from the southern part of The Netherlands – with infected aneurysms of the abdominal aorta caused by Coxiella burnetii. Both patients underwent surgical debridement, in situ reconstruction with a great saphenous vein spiral graft, and a transmesenteric omentumplasty. One patient fully recovered, while the other died due to ischemic complications. A multidisciplinary work-up approach to treat infected abdominal aneurysms is proposed, including adequate surgical treatment and long-term antibiotic administration.