Angioplasty with stent graft versus bare stent for recurrent cephalic arch stenosis in autogenous arteriovenous access for hemodialysis: A prospective randomized clinical trial

The use of stent grafts in angioplasty for recurrent cephalic arch stenosis significantly improved short-term restenosis rates and long-term patency compared with the use of bare stents. The significant improvement that emerged during the study caused accrual of patients to be halted for ethical reasons. This study altered our usage of stents for venous stenoses in arteriovenous accesses by eliminating bare nitinol stents in favor of stent grafts.