Ruptured mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm secondary to Mycobacterium bovis after intravesical treatment with bacillus Calmette-Guérin

Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is a live attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis that has proven effective in the treatment of early-stage bladder cancer. Although intravesical therapy with BCG is generally considered safe, serious complications including hematuria, granulomatous pneumonitis, hepatitis, and life-threatening BCG sepsis are well known. BCG-related vascular infections are rarely reported. We present a case of a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm secondary to M bovis infection 2 years after intravesical instillation of BCG and review the related literature.