Effects of deposition variables on spray-deposited MnO2 thin films prepared from Mn(C2H3O2)2·4H2O

Undoped MnO2 thin films have been prepared by a modified spray pyrolysis technique under various deposition conditions and the effects of different variables on electrical and optical properties have been studied in detail. It is found that substrate temperature, spray rate, solution concentration, carrier air pressure and post-deposition heat-treatment, spray outlet to substrate distance play important role in obtaining optimum films.Electrical conductivity study shows an anomaly in conductivity at a temperature 323 K and its thickness dependent resistivity follows Fuchs–Sondheimer theory. The Hall effect and thermoelectric studies indicate that the deposited sample is an n-type semiconductor. Optical study in the entire wavelength 0.3–2.5 μm range exhibits a high transmittance in the visible as well as in the near infrared. Calculation from optical data, the sample exhibits a band gap at 0.28 eV, which also supports the value obtained from the Hall effect study. These studies may be of importance for the applications of this material in energy efficient surface coating devices.