Use of anti-platelet agents after traumatic intracranial hemorrhage

•We examine effects of antiplatelet agents after traumatic intracranial hemorrhage.•The rate of hemorrhage after starting antiplatelet therapy is low.•The rate of thrombosis is high in comparison to hemorrhagic complications.•Many of these thrombotic complications could be preventable with early therapy.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of hemorrhagic complications associated with starting anti-platelet therapy (APT) after acute traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (tICH) and to examine the frequency of thrombotic complications.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively identified all patients admitted to our institution with tICH that received APT during their initial hospitalization over a three-year period. We reviewed their demographics, hospital course, clinical indication and timing for initiation of APT, and complications.ResultsA total of 222 patients were identified. The median age and Injury Severity Score (ISS) was 61 and 21, respectively. Fifty (23%) patients required neurosurgical procedures. APTs were initiated due to a history of APT use in 91 patients (41%) and blunt cerebrovascular injury in 86 patients (38.6%).The median time from injury to starting APT was 4 days. Immediate complications including new or worsening hemorrhage occurred in 1 (<1%) patient. Delayed hemorrhagic complications occurred in 6 (4.7%) patients.Thrombotic events occurred in 21 (9.4%) patients prior to starting APT. Thirteen (5.8%) of these were potentially preventable.ConclusionThe risk of immediate and delayed intracranial hemorrhages from initiating APT after tICH must be weighed against the morbidity of delaying indicated thrombotic prophylaxis. Our initial data indicates that hemorrhagic complications are infrequent, and thrombotic complications can have significant clinical consequences. Our retrospective review provides the first rates of complications for this patient population.