Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase-3 suppresses the onset of symptoms and disease progression of G93A-SOD1 mouse model of ALS

Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3 has recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Although the neuroprotective effects of GSK-3 inhibitors in Alzheimer's disease have been established, their effects on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have not been well defined. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of GSK-3 inhibition in the G93A-SOD1 mouse model of ALS. Groups of G93A-SOD1 mice were treated with varying concentrations of GSK-3 inhibitor VIII, a specific GSK-3 inhibitor that crosses the BBB, intraperitoneally 5 days a week after 60 days of age. The GSK-3 inhibitor VIII treatment significantly delayed the onset of symptoms and prolonged the life span of the animals, and inhibited the activity of GSK-3 in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, this treatment preserved survival signals and attenuated death and inflammatory signals. These data suggest that GSK-3 plays an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms of ALS and that inhibition of GSK-3 could be a potential therapeutic candidate for ALS.