Primary central nervous system lymphoma presenting as an acute massive intracerebral hemorrhage: case report with immunohistochemical study

BackgroundHemorrhage at presentation in primary CNS lymphoma is extremely rare and only 2 studies have reported it. We experienced a case of hemorrhage in primary CNS lymphoma, but the feature was different from those in the 2 studies mentioned. We report a case of primary CNS lymphoma presenting as an acute massive ICH causing catastrophic mental deterioration, along with immunohistochemical profiles.Case DescriptionA 49-year-old woman was admitted with sudden deterioration of mental status. Immediate CT scan showed a massive ICH in the left frontal lobe with perilesional edema and midline shifting. Emergency operation was performed and the hematoma was removed gross totally, including the abnormal lesions distinguished from adjacent normal brain. The histopathologic diagnosis was non-Hodgkin lymphoma, diffuse, large, B cell type with acute hemorrhage, and immunohistochemistry results showed high VEGF immunoreactivity and intermediate CD34 immunoreactivity.ConclusionPrimary CNS lymphoma can present as an acute massive ICH, and immunohistochemisty in the present study strengthened the suggestion that VEGF activity is related to the hemorrhage in primary CNS lymphoma.