Evolution of occlusion and temporomandibular disorder in orthodontics: Past, present, and future

•Occlusion is an important consideration in orthodontics.•Alignment of teeth, stable intercuspal positions, and esthetics are important considerations.•Orthopedic principles associated with masticatory function must also be considered.•Stability in the masticatory structures can reduce the risk of temporomandibular disorders.

Occlusion has been an important consideration in orthodontics since the beginning of the discipline. Early emphasis was placed on the alignment of the teeth, the stability of the intercuspal position, and the esthetic value of proper tooth positioning. These factors remain important to orthodontists, but orthopedic principles associated with masticatory functions must also be considered. Orthopedic stability in the masticatory structures should be a routine treatment goal to help reduce risk factors associated with developing temporomandibular disorders.