Changes in occlusal function after orthognathic surgery in mandibular prognathism with and without asymmetry

This study aimed to evaluate the postoperative changes in masticatory function in patients with jaw deformities with or without asymmetry treated by orthognathic surgery. Thirty female patients who underwent a Le Fort I osteotomy with sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) were enrolled. The patients were divided into symmetry and asymmetry groups. The bite force, occlusal contact area, and bite force balance were measured before and at 1, 3, and 6 months and 1 year after surgery; these measurements were compared statistically within and between the two groups. In the symmetry group, there was a significant difference in the preoperative bite force and the 1 month postoperative bite force (P = 0.0033). In the asymmetry group, the bite force before surgery was significantly different from that at 1 month (P = 0.0375) and at 1 year (P = 0.0353) after surgery. Significant differences in the bite force were also observed between the following time points: 1 month and 1 year (P = 0.0003), 3 months and 1 year (P = 0.0034), and 1 month and 6 months (P = 0.0486). The occlusal contact area, bite force, and occlusal balance tended to change after Le Fort I osteotomy with SSRO, with a significantly improved bite force in patients with asymmetry before surgery.