Skeletal and dental stability of segmental distraction of the anterior mandibular alveolar process. A 2-year follow-up

33 patients (27 females; 6 males) were retrospectively analysed for skeletal and dental relapse before distraction osteogenesis (DOG) of the mandibular anterior alveolar process at T1 (17.0 days), after DOG at T2 (mean 6.5 days), at T3 (mean 24.4 days), and at T4 (mean 2.0 years). Lateral cephalograms were traced by hand, digitized, superimposed, and evaluated. Skeletal correction (T3 − T1) was mainly achieved through the distraction of the anterior alveolar segment in a rotational manner where the incisors were more proclined. The horizontal backward relapse (T4 − T3) measured −0.8 mm or 19.0% at point B (p < 0.001) and −1.6 mm or 25.0% at incision inferior (p < 0.001). Age, gender, amount and type (rotational versus translational) of advancement were not correlated with the amount of relapse. High angle patients (NL/ML′; p < 0.01) and patients with large gonial angle (p < 0.05) showed significantly smaller relapse rates at point B. Overcorrection of the overjet achieved by the distraction was seen in a third of the patients and could be a reason for relapse. Considering the amount of skeletal relapse the DOG could be an alternative to bilateral sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular advancement in selected cases.