Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
314672 | Annales Mdico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique | 2015 | 4 Pages |
RésuméL’émergence de nouvelles technique d’imagerie a permis depuis une quinzaine d’années une exploration de la vie et de la pathologie cérébrales. Des travaux couvrent aujourd’hui l’ensemble des troubles mentaux. Le Collège de France a pour vocation depuis sa fondation « d’enseigner la recherche en train de se faire », le champ de l’imagerie cérébrale et des sciences cognitives disposent même d’une chaire occupée par Stanilas Dehaene qui a permis et participé à cette séance solennelle de la Société Médico-Psychologique qui avait pour thème : « Imagerie cérébrale et psychiatrie. Naissance de la “paraclinique” dans la médecine de l’esprit ? » Au-delà de l’exposé des applications dans la connaissance de la physiopathologie des troubles mentaux et des perspectives d’utilisation de l’imagerie à des fins thérapeutiques, des questions d’ordre épismétologique demeurent qui nous renvoient à la nature hybride des symptômes psychiatriques : au carrefour des dysfonctionnnements neuronaux, de la psychopathologie et de la trajectoire existentielle des patients.
This speech outlines the major changes over time in the intertwining relationship between scientific discovery and psychiatry during their various milestones, thus setting up the discussion of one of the major scientific developments contributing to modern-day psychiatry: Brain imagery. The author evokes landmark contributions from the eminent philosopher and member of the College de France, Michel Foucault, to the understanding of mental disease, which foresaw the major paradigm shift in diagnosis and treatment, as rational thought overtook mythological viewpoints. The author evokes some key milestones in scientific progress that greatly impacted psychiatric practice: First, advances in physics led to the discovery of atoms, X-rays and natural radioactivity, thus ushering in the era of quantum physics, which allowed science to account for the “infinitely small”. This “marriage” between physics and computer science led to medical imaging and radiology with the development of magnetic resonance imaging. Brain imaging was born, where ray sensors and particles now showing minute details of the body's organs, especially the brain inside the skull. Consequently, brain imaging is pushing “the boundaries of the visible and the invisible” in the complex field of medicine of the mind. For the author, this raises a number of important epistemological issues such as: What are the new representations of mental disorders within this new scientific context? What is the relationship between the psyche and neuronal activity? How will this impact the varying viewpoints resulting from the interplay of scientific rationality and psychopathological theory? Thus, the author emphasizes that it's the process of constantly scrutinizing the epistemological “status quo”, which drives the development of knowledge in this domain.