Shared Decision Making in Mental Health Treatment: Qualitative Findings From Stakeholder Focus Groups

PurposeThis article reports on findings from seven stakeholder focus groups conducted in exploring shared decision making (SDM) between provider and consumer in mental health (MH) treatment in public MH.Basic ProceduresSeven focus groups were conducted with stakeholders—consumers, family members, prescribers, MH clinicians, and rural providers. Each of the focus groups was recorded digitally, transcribed into text, and analyzed qualitatively for recurring themes.Main findingsProvider barriers to SDM include history of the medical model, MH crises, lack of system support, and time. Consumer-related barriers included consumer competency, fears, insight, literacy, and trauma from past experiences. Information-exchange issues include consumer passivity, whether consumers could be viewed as experts, and importance of adequate history information. New skills needed to practice SDM included provider's knowledge about alternative treatments, mastery of person-first language, and listening skills; consumer's ability to articulate their expert information; and computer skills for both providers and consumers. Outcomes expected from practice of SDM include greater sharing of power between provider and consumer, greater follow-through with treatment plans, greater self-management on the part of consumers, and improved therapeutic alliances.Principal conclusionsImplementing SDM in public MH will impact consumers and their families, providers, prescribers, and administrators. More SDM trials in public MH are needed to answer some of the many questions that remain.