Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma of the mandible - A possible sarcomatous transformation of an ameloblastic fibroma

Ameloblastic fïbrosarcoma is a rare odontogenic neoplasm regarded as the malignant counterpart of ameloblastic fibroma. It is composed of a benign epithelial component and a malignant mesenchymal component. Sometimes, the epithelial cells may be overgrown by the malignant mesenchymal cells and thus make diagnosis difficult. We report a case of a 26 year old female patient diagnosed on incisional biopsy as an ameloblastic fibroma but excision of the specimen revealed an ameloblastic fïbrosarcoma with paucity of the epithelial component. The histopathology of the tumour revealed the possibility that the sarcomatous transformation of the mesenchymal component may have led to depletion of the epithelial component.