Enhanced initial proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells on HF/HNO3 solution treated nanostructural titanium surface

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of nano- or submicro topography and fluoride ion on the biology of osteoblasts.Study designPure Ti plates were sandblasted, etched with an HCl/H2SO4 solution (control surface) and then etched in a diluted HF/HNO3 solution (test surface). MC3T3-E1 cells attached, spread, and proliferated on both surfaces.ResultsThe alkaline phosphatase activity was evidently higher for the test surface than for control surface after 4 and 7 days of cell culture. Real-time PCR showed significant increases in type I collagen and osteocalcin gene expression in osteoblast growth on the test surface after 4 days of culture compared with the control surface.ConclusionWith nanotopography and fluoride, hydrogen ions might improve MC3T3-E1 cell proliferation and differentiation during the early stages of cell culture.