Rare peripheral odontogenic tumors: report of 5 cases and comprehensive review of the literature

Peripheral odontogenic tumor (POT) is a rarely encountered lesion. We report 5 cases of POT including adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT), keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT), ameloblastic fibroma (AF), developing odontoma (DO), and calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor (CCOT), and also provide a review of relevant literature to define the tumor profile. Except for PCCOT with enough frequency (>100 cases), PAOT (n = 14), PKCOT (n = 15), PAF (n = 5), and PDO (n = 7) were scarce in the literature. As to the age distribution, PAOT, PAF, and PDO fell within the first 2 decades, whereas PKCOT arose in middle-aged adults. A marked female predominance was apparent in PAOT, PKCOT, and PAF. Approximately 90% of PAOT occurred in the maxilla. PAOT and PDO arose primarily in the incisor area, and PKCOT and PAF were typically located in permanent canine/premolar and deciduous molar regions, respectively. Although most PAOT and all PKCOT affected the buccal gingiva, PDO showed a strong predilection for the lingual aspect. With the exception of PKCOT, there was no propensity for recurrence in the above POT. At this time, it remains to be determined whether the biologic behavior of PKCOT is the same as for KCOT. In view of the reported cases, a true extraosseous origin of PAOT and PAF, for the most part, is challenging.