Management of burning mouth syndrome: systematic review and management recommendations

There is only limited evidence to guide clinicians in the management of patients with BMS. Treatable secondary causes should be investigated before diagnosing primary BMS. Topical clonazepam and cognitive therapy have been proven efficacious in some patients. Emerging evidence supports the effectiveness of the antioxidant, alpha lipoic acid, with further studies of this agent being warranted. Additional research into mechanisms, diagnostic criteria, and randomized controlled interventional studies are needed.