The Release of Ions from Metallic Orthodontic Appliances

Several metallic alloys used in orthodontics have nickel and chromium as their components. These metal ions are known to be essential elements for human beings but are considered one of the most common causes of allergic contact dermatitis. The allergic reactions are caused by a direct relationship with the presence of this metal in the environment and may be caused by ingestion or direct contact with the skin and/or mucosa. The association of different metals in the oral environment may produce electrogalvanic currents and consequently, corrosion, with different levels of ions being released. The purpose of this article is to review the release of ions from metallic orthodontic appliances and its implications, as well as to provide suggestions for the management of this problem in the orthodontic office.